The Risk Of Confrontation With Russia
Douglas E. Schoen, 12.17.08, 12:00 AM EST
From oil to Cuba, recent political moves heighten tension.
Russia's actions over the last few days underscore a central but largely unacknowledged challenge in American foreign policy: that Russia is in the process of implementing a series of initiatives that will inevitably lead to a confrontation with the U.S.
For one, Russia decided for the first time this week to join an OPEC effort to cut oil production, a move that will inevitably heighten tensions with the West. In the past, Russia has resisted, but now the world's largest oil producer and second-largest exporter of petroleum has indicated it would even consider formally joining OPEC. Russia, which could risk losing its coveted membership in the G-8, may well reduce the 9.75 million barrels it produces each day by 300,000.
Additionally, recent talks between Moscow and Washington over arms control and missile defense have yielded no tangible results. While both sides expressed generalized optimism about the future of their negotiations, Russian leaders don't expect that the "serious differences" they've spoken of will be resolved anytime soon.
Meanwhile, Russia announced on Monday that its warships will visit Cuba for the first time since the end of the Soviet era. The ships have been in the Caribbean since last month and their presence in our hemisphere has been widely viewed as a response to the U.S.' use of warships to deliver humanitarian aid to Georgia this summer after that country's war with Russia.
And on Saturday, North Korea suggested it might slow the disablement of its main nuclear facility--after the U.S. suspended energy aid to the state because talks failed to verify that it was, in fact, disabling its nuclear facility.
While the U.S. State Department said that all five countries negotiating with North Korea--Japan, Russia, China, the U.S. and South Korea--agreed that future energy shipments would not be delivered until progress was made on a "verification protocol" with Pyongyang, Russia said that it will continue to send oil to North Korea.
Further, Russia emphatically denied agreeing with the U.S. to implement a delay or to suspend oil shipments if North Korea did not cooperate with their dismantling process.
These recent actions represent Moscow's latest attempts to challenge U.S. interests around the world.
Immediately after the U.S. presidential election, in response to the U.S. plan to place a missile defense system in Poland and the Czech Republic, Russia announced plans to place offensive missiles aimed at Western Europe in Kaliningrad. The Russians, according to President Dmitry Medvedev, believe that the U.S. missile defense system is designed exclusively to target them and is part of an aggressive, hegemonic act by the U.S.
Indeed, Western leaders have made it clear that the system is not meant to protect the U.S. and Europe from Russia, but rather is intended to protect the U.S. and NATO from the possible use of nuclear weapons by Iran. Russia has been a longtime supporter of the expansion and growth of Iran's "peaceful" nuclear energy development, and commercial ties between the two nations are robust.
In addition, through one of Russia's close allies, the Venezuelans, there are ties to rogue states and terrorist organizations. So the Russians are, at the very least, turning a blind eye to possible terrorist activity. The level of cooperation between the Venezuelans and the Iranians is so substantial--with respect to arms transfers, agricultural projects and explicit, direct support of Hamas and Hezbollah--that it would be a profound error not to hold the Russians at least partially accountable for actions by these groups, which are destabilizing an already unstable world.
The U.S. needs to stand firm on its positions vis-*-vis Russia. But it must also make clear that there could be large benefits from U.S.-Russian relations if the Russians are responsible. Of course, on the most straightforward level, there is the possibility for additional arms control agreements and the withdrawal of our plan to put a missile shield in the Czech Republic and Poland.
But there is also the possibility for substantial, direct economic cooperation between the two countries. Russia desperately needs additional foreign investment for its energy sector. The U.S. should make it clear that with closer cooperation on security goals and terrorism--and if Russia backs away from its strong ties to North Korea, Iran and Venezuela--it would facilitate and encourage this investment.
To that end, the U.S. needs to make the case that it can offer better economic incentives to a struggling Russia than Russia can gain from arms sales and nuclear exchanges with state sponsors of terrorism.
The Russian threat is clear, immediate and obvious. The Russians have the ability to help stop nuclear proliferation and restrain terrorism around the world. Unless the new administration develops a policy aimed at cooperation, Joe Biden's worst fear--that Barack Obama would be tested by an international crisis--will be realized, perhaps sooner than anybody expected.
Douglas E. Schoen, a pollster and writer, has been a campaign consultant for more than 30 years and is the author, most recently, of Declaring Independence: The Beginning of the End of the Two-Party System.
www.forbes.com
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